St. Antipas of Pergamum

St. Antipas of Pergamum was an early Christian bishop and martyr, mentioned in the Book of Revelation as a “faithful witness.” Tradition says he was burned alive inside a bronze bull altar during the persecution of Christians under Roman Emperor Domitian.

St. Antipas of Pergamum is one of the lesser-known yet deeply revered saints of the early Christian Church, especially in the Eastern Orthodox tradition. Though very little is known about his life from historical records, he is directly mentioned in the Book of Revelation (2:13), where he is praised as a “faithful witness” who was martyred in Pergamum—described ominously as the place “where Satan dwells.” This biblical reference has anchored his legacy in Christian memory, associating him with unwavering faith in an intensely hostile spiritual and political environment.

Church tradition holds that Antipas was a disciple of the Apostle John, who ordained him as bishop of Pergamum. During the reign of Roman Emperor Domitian (81–96 AD), Christians faced renewed persecution, and Antipas’ refusal to renounce Christ made him a prime target. The most vivid and enduring part of his story is the account of his martyrdom. According to ancient Christian lore, he was placed inside a brazen bull—a large hollow idol made of bronze in the shape of a bull used for executing criminals by roasting them alive. This gruesome form of execution was used to demonstrate both Roman authority and pagan religious fervor. Despite the torment, it is said that Antipas remained serene, praying for those who were killing him, embodying Christ-like compassion and forgiveness even in death.

Because of the association with the mouth of the bull and the idea of internal pain, St. Antipas eventually became venerated as a protector against toothaches and dental ailments. In both the Eastern Orthodox Church and in some Western traditions, he is honored as the patron saint of dentists. His relics, believed to rest in Pergamum, were said to exude a fragrant oil or “manna,” a sign in Christian tradition that the saint had attained great holiness. Pilgrims and local faithful would come to his tomb for healing and prayer.

His feast day is celebrated annually on April 11. Though exact dates for his birth and canonization are not preserved, St. Antipas is categorized among the saints who were canonized “Pre-Congregation”—meaning before the formal canonization process was established in the Catholic Church. His veneration likely began very early, inspired by both his scriptural mention and the oral traditions passed down by the early Church.

In iconography, he is often depicted in episcopal (bishop’s) vestments, sometimes near a bronze bull, symbolizing his martyrdom. Churches and monasteries dedicated to St. Antipas can be found particularly in Eastern Christian regions, where his memory is kept alive in liturgy, hymn, and feast.

In the Orthodox Christian tradition, the day of his martyrdom is marked with special services and readings from the Book of Revelation, highlighting his role as an example of steadfastness in faith. He remains a source of inspiration for believers facing trials and persecution, and his life is a reminder of the courage to stand firm in the truth of the Gospel regardless of worldly threats.

Feast Day

11-4-

Birth Date

--

Died Date

--92 AD

Canonised Date

--Pre-congregation

Pergamum, Asia Minor (modern-day Bergama, Turkey)

St. Antipas of Pergamum, Faithful martyr and witness to Christ, Pray for us to remain strong in our faith, Even in the face of adversity. Help us to follow your example of courage and devotion, And to live each day with love for God and neighbor. Amen.
ST. ANTIPAS OF PERGAMUM

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ST. ANTIPAS OF PERGAMUM

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