St. Charles Lwanga and his companions were young Christian converts in Uganda who were martyred for their faith by King Mwanga II in 1886. They bravely refused to renounce Christianity and suffered brutal deaths. They are patron saints of African youth and converts.
St. Charles Lwanga was born around 1860 in Buganda (now Uganda). He was a member of the Baganda tribe and served as a royal page in the court of King Mwanga II. At that time, Christianity was rapidly spreading in Uganda due to Catholic and Anglican missionaries. Charles Lwanga, a devout Catholic convert, took on the role of catechist and mentor, especially for younger converts.
King Mwanga II, fearing the influence of Christianity, began persecuting Christians in his kingdom. He saw their faith as a threat to his power, as they refused to worship him, participate in immoral acts, or engage in traditional practices that went against Christian teachings.
The persecution intensified in 1886 when Joseph Mukasa, a Catholic official and one of the king’s servants, was executed for his faith. Shortly afterward, Charles Lwanga secretly baptized several converts, knowing that they would soon face martyrdom. The king gathered the Christian pages and ordered them to renounce their faith. When they refused, they were sentenced to death.
On June 3, 1886, Charles Lwanga and 21 other Catholic converts, along with several Anglicans, were burned alive at Namugongo. Charles, the leader among them, was separated from the group and burned slowly, but he remained steadfast in faith, praying until his last breath. Many of his companions, including Kizito (aged 14), Mbaga Tuzinde, and Denis Ssebuggwawo, also suffered brutal deaths.
Their martyrdom sparked the rapid growth of Christianity in Uganda. Within a few years, Christianity flourished, and the Ugandan Church became one of the strongest in Africa. Pope Paul VI canonized them in 1964, making them the first African saints of modern times.
Today, Namugongo Shrine in Uganda stands as a major pilgrimage site, where thousands gather every June 3rd to honor their sacrifice.