St. Damasus I was a 4th-century Pope and Doctor of the Church who strengthened the authority of the papacy and defended orthodox Christianity against heresies. He commissioned St. Jerome to translate the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate) and worked to preserve the catacombs and relics of early martyrs.
St. Damasus I was born around 305 AD, likely in Spain, but he was raised in Rome. He became a deacon under Pope Liberius and later succeeded him as Bishop of Rome (Pope) in 366 AD. His election led to conflict, as a rival, Ursinus, also claimed the papacy, causing unrest in the city. However, Damasus was ultimately recognized as the legitimate pope.
During his pontificate, Damasus worked tirelessly to defend Catholic doctrine against heresies such as Arianism, which denied Christ’s divinity. He strongly affirmed the authority of the Bishop of Rome over the universal Church and worked to unify Christian teachings.
One of his most significant contributions was commissioning St. Jerome to translate the Bible into Latin, known as the Vulgate, making the Scriptures more accessible to Western Christians. He also encouraged devotion to the martyrs, restoring and preserving catacombs and tombs of early Christian saints.
Damasus was a great liturgical reformer, promoting the use of Latin in Church services. He also presided over important Church councils, helping to shape Christian doctrine. His leadership strengthened the papacy and solidified Rome’s role as the center of Christianity.
He died on December 11, 384 AD, and was buried in San Lorenzo fuori le Mura in Rome. Though revered as a saint for centuries, he was officially declared a Doctor of the Church for his theological contributions.