St. Simeon Barsabae was a 4th-century bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Persia who was martyred for refusing to renounce Christianity and is honored as a steadfast defender of the faith.
St. Simeon Barsabae was the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the capital of the Sassanid Empire (modern-day Iraq/Iran), during a time of intense persecution against Christians. He served the Church in Persia at a time when King Shapur II viewed Christianity with suspicion, associating it with the Roman Empire—Persia's long-time rival. Simeon was a courageous and learned leader who resisted imperial attempts to suppress the Christian faith in the region.
In 339 AD, when King Shapur II began enforcing harsh decrees against Christians, Bishop Simeon refused to comply with the state-imposed apostasy. He was ordered to worship the sun and renounce Christ, which he adamantly refused. His unwavering loyalty to the faith resulted in his arrest along with hundreds of clergy and faithful. Despite the threat of death, Simeon remained resolute in his confession of Christ.
On Good Friday, April 17, 341 AD, Simeon and a group of companions—including priests, deacons, and prominent Christian laymen—were executed by beheading after enduring severe torture. Among those martyred with him were Abdecalas and Ananias, two priests who had been his close co-workers in the Church.
Simeon Barsabae is revered not only for his martyrdom but for his pastoral leadership and unwavering commitment to Christ and His Church. His sacrifice marked the beginning of one of the most severe waves of Christian persecution in the Persian Empire, which lasted several decades. Despite the trials, the Church in Persia continued to grow, inspired by Simeon's witness and courage.
He is honored today by both Eastern and Western Christian traditions as a symbol of fidelity and endurance. His memory lives on particularly among the Assyrian, Chaldean, and Syriac Churches.